Othello, By William Shakespeare - 1599 Words

William Shakespeare’s 16th century play Othello is a duplicitous and fraudulent tale set alternatingly between Venice in act 1, and the island of Cyprus thereafter. The play follows the scandalous marriage between protagonist Othello, a Christian moore and the general of the army of Venice, and Desdemona, a respected and intelligent woman who also happens to be the daughter of the Venetian Senator Brabantio. Shakespeare undoubtedly positions the marriage to be viewed as heroic and noble, despite Othello’s hamartia and subsequent downfall that inevitably occurs. Their marriage is then sabotaged by the jealous Iago, Othello’s ensign and villain of the play. While Iago’s ostensible justification for instigating Othello’s demise was his failure to acquire Othello’s position as lieutenant, Iago’s motives are rarely directly articulated and seem to derive from an obsessive, almost aesthetic pleasure in manipulation and destruction. Through the genre of the play, being a Shakespearean tragedy, and the structural devices employed by Shakespeare such as plot development, exposition, foreshadowing, dà ©nouement, dramatic excitement, and catharsis, the key ideas of jealousy, appearance vs. reality and pride are developed and explored. In Shakespeare’s Othello the theme of jealousy is meticulously developed and analyzed through the playwrights use of structural techniques and the nature of the tale being a â€Å"Shakespearean tragedy†. The play highlights the dangers of jealousy, and howShow MoreRelatedOthello, By William Shakespeare957 Words   |  4 Pagesinnocent person kills himself while not knowing the truth. The best example of that would be the play Othello by the great William Shakespeare. As little as a handkerchief could make a difference if it is a symbol for something. In the play Othello by Shakespeare, handkerchief is first introduced by Othello to his beautiful mistress, Desdemona, as a sign of their love. At the end of the play what gets Othello to take extreme measures by the location of the handkerchief. As the symbol of the handkerchiefRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1218 Words   |  5 PagesIn a historical time period where emphasis was shifting from religion to race a nd ethnicity, key indicators of differences that perpetuated into racial prejudice and racial ideologies are evident in Othello by William Shakespeare. Although racism was not fully formed at this moment in history, Othello can be interpreted as a representation and an exploration of this shift in ideology. In the past, before this change toward racial differences, religion was the major segretory factor in signifyingRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare894 Words   |  4 Pagesthose that which occurred in Othello written by William Shakespeare. Throughout the play Othello, we see the struggles of a marriage that is not accepted by their society. Othello is a extremely cherished black general living in a primarily white community. The play begins with Othello secretly becoming married to a white woman named Desdemona. This reasons others who are white to become angry and excuse to dislike this black man further more than they already do. Othello is a downward spiral from loveRe ad MoreOthello by William Shakespeare790 Words   |  3 PagesThroughout Othello by William Shakespeare, Othello makes numerous poor decisions due to his jealousy. Hitting Desdemona, trusting Iago, and killing Desdemona are among a few of the poor decisions that he makes. The word jealous can be defined as feeling or showing suspicion of someones unfaithfulness in a relationship. Othello feels suspicious of Desdemona’s and Cassio’s relationship because of the lies that Iago tells him. Many people try to tell Othello the truth but he only believes the wordsRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1923 Words   |  8 Pagesdissatisfaction or complication is shown. Firstly in Othello love is presented as ephemeral and transient while atonement love is presented as unrequited and finally in cat on a hot tin roof love is presented as painful and troublesome due to unreciprocated feelings. The tragic plot of Othello hinges on the potential of the villain, Iago, to deceive other characters, above all Roderigo and Othello, through encouraging them to misinterpret what they see. Othello is prone to Iago s ploys seeing that he himselfRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare941 Words   |  4 Pageswas Williams Shakespeare’s play Othello which depicts the tragedy of Othello, a Morris Captain. What is different about Shakespeare play is that the tragic hero is the black Othello and the villain a white Iago. Therefore, Shakespeare depiction of Othello as a tragic character and Iago as a villain, challenges Elizabethan’s stereotypes regarding individuals of African descent. Shakespeare challenges the stereotypical â€Å"type –casting of the black man† in Elizabethan society by depicting Othello asRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1152 Words   |  5 Pages‘Othello’ was a tragedy of incomprehension at the deepest level of human dealings as no one in the play came to an understanding of himself or any of the surrounding characters. The play ‘Othello’ by William Shakespeare focused on tragedy through the anguish of the main character ‘Othello’ which lead to the suffering and death of numerous characters including himself. Appearance Vs. Reality challenged human dealings within the play ‘Othello’ as no-one came to see anyone’s true self and no-one seesRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1178 Words   |  5 Pagesprofitable in condition of good and immorality. Othello is presented as good and Iago as evil, but Iago and Othello’s relationship also shares a distrust of their wives. The overall logical argument is based on love, jealousy and betrayal between two lovers that ultimately leads to their separation because of Iago’s evil plan. I am using this article to agree with Berry s view on how Iago separates two lovers just so he can take retaliation on Othello by manipulating everyone to unmasking their trueRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1140 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Othello† is a play written by William Shakespeare in 1603. In this play, Shakespeare features three major characters: Othello, Iago, and Desdemona. Othello, a black man, and Desdemona, a white venetian secretly eloped in the play. Iago shows racism and prejudice towards their relationship because of their skin colors. In the play, Iago says: â€Å"Even now, now, very now, an old black ram is tupping your white ewe. Arise, arise! Awake the snorting citizens with the bell, or else the devil will make aRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1825 Words   |  8 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s plays transcends time and is renowned for their captivating plots and complex characters. Othello by William Shakespeare is a tragedy play th at portrays major themes such as racism, manipulation, and jealousy just to name a few. Throughout the whole play, these themes are represented through the conniving character from the play, Iago. Out of all the plays Shakespeare has written, Iago is believed to be the most complex villain of all times. During the play, Othello, a black

According to the Oxford dictionary, euthanasia is defined...

According to the Oxford dictionary, euthanasia is defined as the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or an irreversible coma. Those in favor argue that this is done motivated by kindness and a desire to end suffering. Those against Euthanasia understand why those in favor of Euthanasia say it is ok to practice it, but one must understand that Euthanasia is contrary to the Hippocratic Oath. According to the Hippocratic Oath doctors should never, â€Å"give a deadly drug to anybody who asked for it, nor will I make a suggestion to this effect. Similarly I will not give to a woman an abortive remedy. In purity and holiness I will guard my life and my art† (par. 4). This oath is taken by all doctors after†¦show more content†¦They can easily kill someone and say they were asked to do it, because they â€Å"had to do it†, or because it was an â€Å"accident†. In many cases people will ask to be killed in a painless m anner even though they do not have a terminal illness. This was the case in 1994 when a woman couldn’t deal with the fact that she had lost two sons, and Dr. Boudewijn Chabot helped her commit suicide (Drake). In Belgium euthanasia is accepted, and in April 2012 the European Institute of Bioethics released a ten year report on euthanasia in this country. EIB reported that from 2003 to 2011 the annual figures of declared cases of euthanasia rose significantly from 235 to 1133. In 9% of those cases, death was not a possibility in the upcoming six months (3). On October 28, 2010 a private member bill was submitted to the Chamber of Representative â€Å"to offer the possibility of euthanasia to patients who are incapacitated and suffering from dementia† (EIB 4). This can bring a series of problems; people will think they are coherent and will decide to end their lives based on a â€Å"rationalized conclusion,† when in reality they are making a poor decision because of an unbearable pain. Even those countries that approve the use euthanasia have problems regulating it. In Delft, Netherlands Dr. Pieter V. Admiraal admitted he gave his patients a fatal injection. He was accused of performing euthanasia more than 100 times, and was only prosecuted once; his charges were cleared (Urofsky 111-112).Show MoreRelatedA Puzzle Of Life And Our World Life Essay1119 Words   |  5 PagesA Puzzle of Life Time has a way to teach us the moment where our two different perspectives of life- spiritual life and our world life, contradicts each other. As an American author of science fiction, RAY CUMMINGS, said, Time is what keeps everything from happening at once. After time gives us the chance of getting to know our spiritual life, it is mostly seen that our world life contradicts with it. The night was freighting and rainy. The deep, rumbling noise that was heard in the sky duringRead MoreLife Is A Matter Of Life1464 Words   |  6 PagesThe concept of life itself is quite simple. Biologically the purpose of life is far less open to interpretation, remaining in the general area of keep living and reproduce so to keep life going. However, it is when people try to add significance and value to life that things become convoluted. Why is that? Because one may say that the value of life is one thing, then another may say something else. But which one is right? Both and neither—to put it simply. In that there is neither a wrong nor rightRead MoreTheodore Roethke s Life And Life936 Words   |  4 Pagesowned a local greenhouse, where Roethke spent a lot of his childhood days working and playing. He referred to the greenhouse as â€Å"my symbol for the whole of life, a womb, a heaven-on-earth† ( ). The greenhouse played a huge role in his poetry. Roethk e implies that only after death of the self can people come to realize the true purpose of life, love. Roethke always had stored in the back of his mind â€Å"the idea that personal selves were not the focus of time on earth†( ). Therefore, peopleRead MoreLife and Death1191 Words   |  5 Pagesman and his girlfriend, Jig, who have a disagreement in the train station on the subject of whether to keep the unborn child or to abort. However, the author uses binary opposition of life and death to portray the polemic argument a couple encounters regarding abortion. As a symbol for the binary opposition of life and death, he represents the couple’s expressions, feelings, and the description of nature. One can analyze the story of â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† in the form of the structuralistRead MoreChallenges of Life735 Words   |  3 PagesChallenge is an inevitable fate in human’s life. People often find themselves in challenges of different magnitude unexpectedly. Challenges can be as easy as waking up early in the morning to a situation that could put one’s life in jeopardy. People always have a yearning to advance themselves in whatever things they want to pursue in life, but nothing in this world seems to be achievable without some sort of challenge on the way. Although people these days tend to perceive the negative influenceRead MorePlato s Theory Of Life And Life Essay1786 Words   |  8 Pagesis able to compare this thought of opposites onto his idea of what soul and life are. He argues that in order for the soul to continue on living, it will never bring death onto it because it is the opposite of living (Phaedo, 105d-e). So then, Plato is n ow able to prove that the soul is immortal. So to summarize this construct, Plato originally points out that since death is the opposite of life and soul always brings life, then there is no room for death to be apart of the soul. Therefore, the soulRead MoreMotivation Is Life514 Words   |  2 PagesMotivation is continuity for life. While there are many difficulties in life they can be overcome. Motivation is our value of life. There is not a single person with ought the ability to motivated, unless they are dead. Moving on in life is easier with motivation. In an article by Chris Jones Roger Ebert fought through cancer and had motivation to live. â€Å"That is true no matter what our problems, our health, our circumstances. We must try†. (Jones 34) Roger Ebert was a fighter of cancer who wasRead MoreMy Life As A Healthy Life915 Words   |  4 Pagesfor work. When life is getting a little out of hand, or things aren’t exactly going the way we want, what is usually the answer? Well, for those who have been blessed with the mentality that everything will work out if it is meant to, just sitting back is the answer. For those of us that have the oh so joyful type A personality, the answer to these problems usually involves a list, some stress eating, and a whole lot of goals. While this may work in some areas, living a healthy life is a problem thatRead MoreEternal Life2633 Words   |  11 Pagesto avoid it. For as well all know, life is short but death is forever. So since th e beginning of time, we have done whatever we can to avoid this enemy, this plague and our ultimate plight, which all of humanity must face, death.. Throughout history mankind had been trying to â€Å"cheat† death. Either by making deals with the devil for eternal life, deals with God for the same, seeking the fountain of youth, developing new technologies to extend human life, exercise, diet, medication, you nameRead MoreLessons of Life Essay632 Words   |  3 PagesAll through life, we experience various occasions when decision-making become necessary. A number of them present themselves in difficult forms and at crucial points. Most of the verdict we take will eventually figure and describe our track of lives. These are what we refer to as lessons of life. Choices never present themselves in an easy way. In some instance we are always forced to pay a price to achieve something. This implies that we are trading for an outcome we are seeking. Period, actions

Gay Parenting Essay Research Paper Lesbian and free essay sample

Gay Parenting Essay, Research Paper Lesbian and Gay Parenting I. SUMMARY OF RESEARCH FINDINGS Charlotte J. Patterson University of Virginia Like households headed by heterosexual parents, sapphic and cheery parents and their kids are a diverse group ( Martin, 1993 ) . Unlike heterosexual parents and their kids, nevertheless, sapphic and cheery parents and their kids are frequently capable to bias because of sexual orientation that turns Judgess, legislators, professionals, and the populace against them, often ensuing in negative results such as loss of physical detention, limitations on trial, and prohibitions against acceptance ( Falk, 1989 ; Editors of the Harvard Law Review, 1990 ) . As with all socially stigmatized groups, the beliefs held by and large in society about tribades and cheery work forces are frequently non based in personal experience, but are alternatively culturally transmitted ( Herek, 1991 ) . The intent of this sum-up of research findings on sapphic and cheery parents and their kids is to help psychologists and other professionals to measure widespread beliefs in the visible radiation of empirical informations and in this manner ameliorate the negative effects of indefensible bias. Because many beliefs about sapphic and cheery parents and their kids are unfastened to empirical trial, psychological research can measure their truth. Systematic research comparing sapphic and cheery grownups to heterosexual grownups merely began in the late 1950s, and research comparing kids of homosexual and sapphic parents with those of heterosexual parents is of a more recent vintage. Research on sapphic and cheery grownups began with Evelyn Hooker # 8217 ; s landmark survey ( 1957 ) and culminated with the declassification of homosexualism as a mental upset in 1973 ( Gonsiorek, 1991 ) . Case reports on kids of homosexual and sapphic parents began to look in the psychiatric literature in the early 1970s ( e.g. , Osman, 1972 ; Weeks, Derdeyn, A ; Langman, 1975 ) and have continued to look ( e.g. , Agbayewa, 1984 ) . Get downing with the pioneering work of Martin and Lyon ( 1972 ) , foremost individual and fictionalized descriptions of life in sapphic female parent households have besides become available ( e.g. , Alpert, 1988 ; Clausen, 1985 ; Jullion, 1985 ; Mager, 1975 ; Perreault, 1975 ; Pollock A ; Vaughn, 1987 ; Rafkin, 1990 ) . Systematic research on the kids of sapphic and cheery parents did non, nevertheless, begin to look in major professional diaries until 1978, and most of the available research has been published more late. As this sum-up will demo, the consequences of bing research comparing homosexual and sapphic parents to heterosexual parents and kids of homosexual or sapphic parents to kids of heterosexual parents are quite unvarying: common sterotypes are non supported by the informations. Without denying the lucidity of consequences to day of the month, it is of import besides for psychologists and other professionals to be cognizant that research in this country has presented a assortment of methodological challenges, non all of which have been surmounted in every survey. As is true in any country of research, inquiries have been raised with respect to trying issues, statistical power, and other proficient affairs ( e.g. , Belcastro, Gramlich, Nicholson, Price, A ; Wilson, 1993 ) ; no person survey is wholly unbeatable to such unfavorable judgment. One unfavorable judgment of this organic structure of research ( Belcastro et al. , 1993 ) has been that the research lacks external cogency because it may non be representative of the larger population of sapphic and cheery parents. This unfavorable judgment is non justified, because cipher knows the existent composing of the full population of sapphic female parents, homosexual male parents, or their kids ( many of whom choose to stay concealed ) and hence research workers can non possible measure the grade to which peculiar samples do or make non stand for the population. In the long tally, it is non the consequences obtained from any one specific sample, but the accretion of findings from many different samples that will be most meaningful. Research in this country has besides been criticized for utilizing ill matched or no control groups in designs that call for such controls. Particularly noteworthy in this class has been the inclination in some surveies to compare development among kids of a group of divorced sapphic female parents, many of whom are populating with sapphic spouses, to that among kids of a group of divorced heterosexual female parents who are non presently populating with heterosexual spouses. It will be of import for future research to disentangle maternal sexual orientation from maternal position as partnered or unpartnered. Other unfavorable judgments have been that most surveies have involved comparatively little samples, that there have been insufficiencies in appraisal processs employed in some surveies, and that the categorization of parents as sapphic, cheery, or straight person has sometimes been debatable ( e.g. , some adult females classified by research workers as sapphic might be regarded as bisexual by other perceivers ) . It is important, nevertheless, that even with all the inquiries and/or restrictions that may qualify research in the country, none of the published research suggests decisions different from those that will be summarized below. This drumhead consists of four subdivisions. In the first, consequences of research on sapphic and cheery grownups ( and parents ) are summarized. In the 2nd subdivision, a sum-up of consequences from research comparing kids of sapphic and cheery parents with those of heterosexual parents or with established norms is presented. The 3rd subdivision summarizes research on heterogeneousness among sapphic and cheery households with kids. The 4th subdivision provides a brief decision. A. Lesbian and Gay Parents One belief that frequently underlies both judicial decision-making in detention judicial proceeding and public policies regulating Foster attention and acceptance has been the belief that tribades and cheery work forces are non fit to be parents. In peculiar, tribunals have sometimes assumed that gay work forces and tribades are mentally sick, that tribades are less maternal than heterosexual adult females, and that lesbians # 8217 ; and gay work forces # 8217 ; s relationships with sexual spouses leave small clip for ongoing parent-child interactions ( Editors of the Harvard Law Review, 1990 ) . Results of research to day of the month hold failed to corroborate any of these beliefs ( Falk, 1989, 1994 ; Patterson, 1994b, 1995b, 1996 ) . Mental Health of Lesbians and Gay Men The psychiatric, psychological, and social-work professions do non see homosexual orientation to be a mental upset. More than 20 old ages ago, the American Psychiatric Association removed homosexualism from its list of mental upsets, saying that homosexualism per Se implies no damage in judgement, stableness, dependability, or general societal or vocational capablenesss ( American Psychiatric Association, 1980 ) . In 1975, the American Psychological Association took the same place and urged all mental wellness professionals to assist chase away the stigma of mental unwellness that had long been associated with homosexual orientation ( American Psychological Association, 1975 ) . The National Association of Social Workers has a similar policy ( National Association of Social Workers, 1994 ) . The determination to take homosexual orientation from the list of mental upsets reflects the consequences of extended research, conducted over three decennaries, demoing that homosexual orientation is non a psychological maladjustment ( Gonsiorek, 1991 ; Reiss, 1980 ; Hart, Roback, Tittler, Weitz, Walston, A ; McKee, 1978 ) . The societal and other fortunes in which tribades and gay work forces live, including exposure to widespread bias and favoritism, frequently cause acute hurt ; but there is no dependable grounds that homosexual orientation per se impairs psychological operation ( Freedman, 1971 ; Gonsiorek, 1991 ; Hart et al. , 1978 ; Hooker, 1957 ; Reiss, 1980 ) . Fitness of Lesbians and Gay Men as Parents Beliefs that gay and sapphic grownups are non fit parents similarly have no empirical foundation ( Cramer, 1986 ; Falk, 1989 ; Gibbs, 1988 ; Patterson, 1996 ) . Lesbian and heterosexual adult females have non been found to differ markedly either in their overall mental wellness or in their attacks to child raising ( Kweskin A ; Cook, 1982 ; Lyons, 1983 ; Miller, Jacobsen, A ; Bigner, 1981 ; Mucklow A ; Phelan, 1979 ; Pagelow, 1980 ; Rand, Graham, A ; Rawlings, 1982 ; Thompson, McCandless, A ; Strickland, 1971 ) , nor have lesbians # 8217 ; romantic and sexual relationships with other adult females been found to take away from their ability to care for their kids ( Pagelow, 1980 ) . Recent grounds suggests that sapphic twosomes who are rearing together tend to split family and household labour comparatively equally ( Hand, 1991 ; Patterson, 1995a ) and to describe satisfaction with their couple relationships ( Koepke, Hare, A ; Moran, 1992 ; Patterson, 1995a ) . Research on homosexual male parents has likewise found no ground to believe them unfit as parents ( Barret A ; Robinson, 1990 ; Bigner and Bozett, 1990 ; Bozett, 1980, 1989 ) . B. Children of Lesbian and Gay Parents In add-on to judicial concerns about homosexual and sapphic parents themselves, tribunals have voiced three major sorts of frights about effects of sapphic or cheery parents on kids. The first general concern is that development of sexual individuality will be impaired among kids of sapphic or cheery parents-for case, that kids brought up by homosexual male parents or sapphic female parents will demo perturbations in gender individuality and/or in gender function behaviour ( Falk, 1989 ; Hitchens A ; Kirkpatrick, 1985 ; Kleber, Howell, A ; Tibbits-Kleber, 1986 ) . It has besides been suggested that kids brought up by sapphic female parents or homosexual male parents will themselves go cheery or sapphic ( Falk, 1989 ; Kleber et al. , 1986 ) . A 2nd class of concerns involves facets of kids # 8217 ; s personal development other than sexual individuality ( Falk, 1989 ; Editors of the Harvard Law Review, 1990 ; Kleber et al. , 1986 ) . For illustration, tribunals have expressed frights that kids in the detention of homosexual or sapphic parents will be more vulnerable to mental dislocation, will exhibit more adjustment troubles and behaviour jobs, and will be less psychologically healthy than kids turning up in places with heterosexual parents. A 3rd class of specific frights expressed by the tribunals is that kids of sapphic and cheery parents may see troubles in societal relationships ( Editors of the Harvard Law Review, 1990 ; Falk, 1989 ; Hitchens A ; Kirkpatrick, 1985 ) . For illustration, Judgess have repeatedly expressed concern that kids populating with sapphic female parents may be stigmatized, teased, or otherwise traumatized by equals. Another common fright is that kids populating with homosexual or sapphic parents may be more likely to be sexually abused by the parent or by the parent # 8217 ; s friends or familiarities. Sexual Identity Three facets of sexual individuality are considered in the research: gender individuality concerns a individual # 8217 ; s self-identification as male or female ; gender-role behaviour concerns the extent to which a individual # 8217 ; s activities, businesss, and the similar are regarded by the civilization as masculine, feminine, or both ; sexual orientation refers to a individual # 8217 ; s pick of sexual spouses # 8211 ; i.e. , heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual ( Money A ; Earhardt, 1972 ; Stein, 1993 ) . To analyze the possibility that kids in the detention of sapphic female parents or cheery male parents experience breaks of sexual individuality, research relevant to each of these three major countries of concern is summarized below. Gender individuality. In surveies of kids runing in age from 5 to 14, consequences of projective testing and related interview processs have revealed normal development of gender individuality among kids of sapphic female parents ( Green, 1978 ; Green, Mandel, Hotvedt, Gray, A ; Smith, 1986 ; Kirkpatrick, Smith, A ; Roy, 1981 ) . More direct appraisal techniques to measure gender individuality have been used by Golombok, Spencer, and Rutter ( 1983 ) with the same consequence ; all kids in this survey reported that they were happy with their gender, and that they had no wish to be a member of the opposite sex. There was no grounds in any of the surveies of gender individuality troubles among kids of sapphic female parents. No informations have been reported in this country for kids of homosexual male parents. Gender-Role Behavior. A figure of surveies have examined gender-role behaviour among the progeny of sapphic female parents ( Golombok et al. , 1983 ; Gottman, 1990 ; Green, 1978 ; Hoeffer, 1981 ; Kirkpatrick et al. , 1981 ; Patterson, 1994a ) . These surveies reported that such behaviour among kids of sapphic female parents fell within typical bounds for conventional sex functions. For case, Kirkpatrick and her co-workers ( 1981 ) found no differences between kids of sapphic versus heterosexual female parents in plaything penchants, activities, involvements, or occupational picks. Rees ( 1979 ) administered the Bem Sex Role Inventory ( BSRI ) to 24 striplings, half of whom had divorced sapphic and half of whom had divorced heterosexual female parents. The BSRI outputs tonss on maleness and muliebrity as independent factors and an hermaphroditism mark from the ratio of maleness to muliebrity. Children of sapphic and heterosexual female parents did non differ on maleness or on hermaphroditism, but kids of sapphic female parents reported greater psychological muliebrity than did those of heterosexual female parents. This consequence would look to run counter to outlooks based on stereotypes of tribades as lacking in muliebrity, both in their ain demeanour and in their likely influences on kids. Sexual activity function behaviour of kids was besides assessed by Green and his co-workers ( 1986 ) . In interviews with the kids, no differences between 56 kids of sapphic and 48 kids of heterosexual female parents were found with regard to favorite telecasting plans, favourite telecasting characters, or favourite games or playthings. There was some indicant in interviews with kids themselves that the progeny of sapphic female parents had less sex-typed penchants for activities at school and in their vicinities than did kids of heterosexual female parents. Consistent with this consequence, sapphic female parents were besides more likely than heterosexual female parents to describe that their girls frequently participated in bare-knuckle drama or on occasion played with masculine playthings such as trucks or guns ; nevertheless, they reported no differences in these countries for boies. Lesbian female parents were no more or less likely than heterosexual female parents to describe that their kids frequently played with feminine playthings such as dolls. In both household types, nevertheless, kids # 8217 ; s sex-role behaviour was seen as falling within normal bounds. In drumhead, the research suggests that kids of sapphic female parents develop forms of gender-role behaviour that are much like those of other kids. No information are available as yet in this country for kids of homosexual male parents. Sexual Orientation. A figure of research workers have besides studied a 3rd constituent of sexual individuality: sexual orientation ( Bailey, Bobrow, Wolfe, A ; Mikach, 1995 ; Bozett, 1980, 1982, 1987, 1989 ; Gottman, 1990 ; Golombok et al. , 1983 ; Green, 1978 ; Huggins, 1989 ; Miller, 1979 ; Paul, 1986 ; Rees, 1979 ) . In all surveies, the great bulk of progeny of both cheery male parents and sapphic female parents described themselves as heterosexual. Take together, the informations do non propose elevated rates of homosexualism among the progeny of sapphic or cheery parents. For case, Huggins ( 1989 ) interviewed 36 adolescents, half of whom were offspring of sapphic female parents and half of heterosexual female parents. No kids of sapphic female parents identified themselves as sapphic or cheery, but one kid of a heterosexual female parent did ; this difference was non statistically important. In a recent survey, Bailey and his co-workers ( 1995 ) studied big boies of homosexual male parents and found more than 90 % of the boies to be heterosexual. Because the heterosexual and nonheterosexual boies did non differ in the length of clip they had resided with their male parents, the effects of the exposure to the male parents # 8217 ; sexual orientation on the boies # 8217 ; sexual orientation must hold been either really little or nonexistent. Other Aspects of Personal Development Surveies of other facets of personal development among kids of homosexual and sapphic parents have assessed a wide array of features. Among these have been separation-individuation ( Steckel, 1985, 1987 ) , psychiatric ratings ( Golombok et al. , 1983 ; Kirkpatrick et al. , 1981 ) , appraisals of behaviour jobs ( Flaks, Ficher, Masterpasqua and Joseph, 1995 ; Golomb all right et al. , 1983 ; Patterson, 1994a ) , personality ( Gottman, 1990 ) , self-concept ( Gottman, 1990 ; Huggins, 1989 ; Patterson, 1994a ; Puryear, 1983 ) , locus of control ( Puryear, 1983 ; Rees, 1979 ) , moral judgement ( Rees, 1979 ) , and intelligence ( Green et al. , 1986 ) . Research has shown that concerns about troubles in personal development in these countries among kids of sapphic female parents are indefensible. As was the instance for sexual individuality, surveies of these other facets of personal development have revealed no major differences between kids of sapphic versus heterosexual female parents. One statistically important difference in self-concept emerged in Patterson # 8217 ; s ( 1994a ) survey: kids of sapphic female parents reported greater symptoms of emphasis but besides a greater overall sense of wellbeing than did kids in a comparing group of heterosexual households. The responses of both groups were, nevertheless, within a normal scope ( Patterson, 1994a ) . Overall, the belief that kids of homosexual and sapphic parents suffer shortages in personal development has no empirical foundation. Social Relationships Surveies measuring possible differences between kids of homosexual and sapphic versus heterosexual parents have sometimes included appraisals of kids # 8217 ; s societal relationships. The most common focal point of attending has been on equal dealingss, but some information on kids # 8217 ; s relationships with grownups has besides been collected. Research findings that reference the likeliness of sexual maltreatment are besides summarized in this subdivision. Research on equal dealingss among kids of sapphic female parents has been reported by Golombok and her co-workers ( 1983 ) , Green ( 1978 ) , and by Green and his co-workers ( 1986 ) . Reports by both parents and kids suggest normal development of equal relationships. For illustration, as would be expected, most school-aged kids reported same-sex best friends and preponderantly same-sex equal groups ( Golombok et al. , 1983 ; Green, 1978 ) . The quality of kids # 8217 ; s peer dealingss was described, on norm, in positive footings by research workers ( Golombok et al. , 1983 ) every bit good as by sapphic female parents and their kids ( Green et al. , 1986 ) . No information on the kids of homosexual male parents have been reported in this country. Surveies of relationships with grownups among the progeny of sapphic and cheery parents have besides yielded a by and large positive image ( Golombok et al. , 1983 ; Harris A ; Turner, 1985/86 ; Kirkpatrick et al. , 1981 ) . For illustration, Golombok and her co-workers ( 1983 ) found that kids of divorced sapphic female parents were more likely to hold had recent contact with their male parents than were kids of divorced heterosexual female parents. Another survey, nevertheless, found no differences in this respect ( Kirkpatrick et al. , 1981 ) . Harris and Turner ( 1985/86 ) studied the progeny of homosexual male parents every bit good as those of sapphic female parents ; parent-child relationships were described in positive footings by parents in their sample. One important difference between sapphic and homosexual parents, on the one manus, and heterosexual parents, on the other, was that heterosexual parents were more likely to state that their kids # 8217 ; s visits with the other parent presented jobs for them ( Harris A ; Turner, 1985/86 ) . In the Golombok et Al. ( 1983 ) survey, kids # 8217 ; s contacts with big friends of their sapphic female parents were besides assessed. All of the kids were reported to hold contact with big friends of their female parents, and the bulk of sapphic female parents reported that their grownup friends were a mixture of homosexual and heterosexual grownups. Concerns that kids of homosexual or sapphic parents are more likely than kids of heterosexual parents to be sexually abused hold besides been addressed. Consequences of work in this country reveal that the great bulk of grownups who perpetrate sexual maltreatment are male ; sexual maltreatment of kids by grownup adult females is highly rare ( Finkelhor A ; Russell, 1984 ; Jones A ; MacFarlane, 1980 ; Sarafino, 1979 ) . Furthermore, the overpowering bulk of child sexual maltreatment instances involve an grownup male mistreating a immature female ( Jenny, Roesler, A ; Poyer, 1994 ; Jones A ; MacFarlane, 1980 ) . Available grounds reveals that gay work forces are no more probably than heterosexual work forces to commit child sexual maltreatment ( Groth A ; Birnbaum, 1978 ; Jenny et al. , 1994 ; Sarafino, 1979 ) . Fears that kids in detention of homosexual or sapphic parents might be at heightened hazard for sexual maltreatment are therefore without footing in the research literature. Drumhead Overall, so, consequences of research to day of the month suggest that kids of sapphic and cheery parents have normal relationships with equals and that their relationships with grownups of both sexes are besides satisfactory. The image of sapphic female parents # 8217 ; kids that emerges from consequences of bing research is therefore one of general battle in societal life with equals, with male parents, and with female parents # 8217 ; grownup friends # 8211 ; both male and female, both heterosexual and homosexual. Studies in this country to day of the month are few, and the informations emerging from them are unelaborated. On the footing of bing research findings, nevertheless, frights about kids of tribades and homosexuals work forces being sexually abused by grownups, ostracized by equals, or isolated in single-sex sapphic or cheery communities are baseless. C. Diversity Among Gay and Lesbian Families Despite the enormous diverseness evident within homosexual and sapphic communities, research on differences among sapphic and homosexual households with kids is every bit yet rather thin. One peculiarly of import sort of heterogeneousness involves the fortunes of kids # 8217 ; s birth or acceptance. Some work forces and adult females have had kids in the context of heterosexual relationships that split up after one or both parents assumed sapphic or cheery individualities. Much of the bing research on sapphic female parents, homosexual male parents, and their kids was initiated to turn to concerns that arose for such households in the context of kid detention differences, and it was frequently designed at least in portion to analyze the veracity of common stereotypes that have been voiced in legal proceedings. A turning figure of work forces and adult females have besides had kids after presuming sapphic or cheery individualities. Recently, a little organic structure of research ( e.g. , Flaks, et al. , 1995 ; McCandlish, 1987 ; Patterson, 1994a, 1995a ; Steckel, 1987 ) has begun to turn to issues relevant to households of this type. Parents and kids in these two sorts of households are likely to hold experiences that differ from one another in many respects. Many issues ( for illustration, residential versus nonresidential parenting ) have yet to be addressed straight by research. In this subdivision, research findings on the impact of parental psychological and relationship position and on the influence of other emphasiss and supports are described. One dimension of difference among cheery and sapphic households concerns whether or non the custodial parent is involved in a twosome relationship, and if so what deductions this may hold for kids. Pagelow ( 1980 ) , Kirkpatrick et Al. ( 1981 ) , and Golombok et Al. ( 1983 ) all reported that, in their samples, divorced sapphic female parents were more likely than divorced heterosexual female parents to be populating with a romantic spouse ; nevertheless, none of these research workers examined connexions between this variable and kids # 8217 ; s accommodation or development in sapphic female parent households. Huggins ( 1989 ) reported that self-pride among girls of sapphic female parents whose sapphic spouses lived with them was higher than that among girls of sapphic female parents who did non populate with a spouse. Because of the little sample size and absence of statistical trials, this determination should be seen as implicative instead than conclusive. On the footing of feelings from her ain work, Kirkpatrick has besides stated her position that contrary to the frights expressed in tribunal, kids in families that included the female parent # 8217 ; s sapphic lover had a richer, more unfastened and stable household life than did those in individual parent sapphic female parent families ( Kirkpatrick, 1987, p. 204 ) . Issues related to division of household and family labour have besides been studied. In households headed by sapphic twosomes, Patterson ( 1995a ) found that, although female parents did non differ in their reported engagement in family and household decision-making undertakings, biological female parents reported more clip spent in kid attention and nonbiological female parents reported more clip spent in paid employment. In households where female parents reported sharing kid attention responsibilities comparatively equally between themselves, parents were more satisfied and kids were better adjusted. Therefore, equal sharing of kid attention responsibilities was associated with more advantageous results both for parents and for kids in this survey. Another facet of diverseness among cheery and sapphic households relates to the psychological position and wellbeing of the parent. Research on parent-child dealingss in heterosexual households has systematically revealed that kids # 8217 ; s accommodation is frequently related to indices of maternal mental wellness. One might therefore expect factors that enhance mental wellness among sapphic female parents or homosexual male parents besides to profit their kids. Lott-Whitehead and Tully ( 1993 ) reported considerable variableness in the sums of emphasis described by sapphic female parents, but did non depict beginnings of emphasis nor their dealingss to child accommodation. Rand, Graham, and Rawlings ( 1982 ) found that sapphic female parents # 8217 ; sense of psychological wellbeing was associated with their grade of openness about their sapphic individuality with employers, ex-husbands, and kids ; female parents who felt more able to unwrap their tribade individuality were more likely to show a positive sense of wellbeing. Unfortunately, no information about the dealingss of these findings to adjustment or development among kids of these adult females has been reported to day of the month. Another country of great diverseness among households with a homosexual or sapphic parent concerns the grade to which a parent # 8217 ; s homosexual or sapphic individuality is accepted by other important people in a kid # 8217 ; s life. Huggins ( 1989 ) found a inclination for kids whose male parents were rejecting of maternal sapphic individualities to describe lower self-pride than those whose male parents were impersonal or positive. Due to little sample size and absence of significance trials, this determination should be regarded as preliminary and suggestive instead than unequivocal. Huggins # 8217 ; ( 1989 ) determination does, nevertheless, raise inquiries about the extent to which reactions of of import grownups in a kid # 8217 ; s environment can act upon responses to find of a parent # 8217 ; s homosexual or sapphic individuality. Effectss of the age at which kids learn of parental homosexualism have besides been a subject of survey. Paul ( 1986 ) found that offspring who were told of parental homosexual, sapphic, or bisexual individuality either in childhood or in late adolescence found the intelligence easier to get by with than those who foremost learned of it during early to middle adolescence. Huggins ( 1989 ) besides reported that those who learned of maternal sapphism in childhood had higher self-esteem than did those who were non informed of it until they were striplings. From a clinical position, it is widely agreed that early adolescence is a peculiarly hard clip for kids to larn that a male parent is cheery or that a female parent is sapphic ( Bozett, 1980 ; Pennington, 1987 ; Schulenberg, 1985 ) . Some research workers have besides raised inquiries about the possible function of peer support in assisting kids to cover with issues raised by holding a homosexual or sapphic parent. Lewis ( 1980 ) was the first to propose that kids # 8217 ; s silence on the subject of parental sexual orientation with equals and siblings might add to their feelings of isolation from other kids. All of the 11 striplings studied by O # 8217 ; Connell ( 1993 ) reported exercising selectivity about when they disclosed information about their female parents # 8217 ; sapphic individualities. Paul ( 1986 ) found that 29 % of his immature grownup respondents had neer known anyone else with a homosexual, sapphic, or bisexual parent, proposing that the possibility of isolation is really existent for some immature people. Potentially negative effects of any such isolation have non, nevertheless, been uncovered in research to day of the month. Lewis ( 1980 ) suggested that kids would profit from support groups dwelling of other kids of homosexual or sapphic parents, and immature people interviewed by O # 8217 ; Connell ( 1993 ) agreed, but systematic ratings of such groups have non been reported. In drumhead, research on diverseness among households with homosexual and sapphic parents and on the possible effects of such diverseness on kids is merely get downing ( Martin 1989 ; Patterson, 1992, 1995b ) Existing informations on kids of sapphic female parents suggest that kids may do better when female parents are in good psychological wellness and life with a sapphic spouse with whom they portion kid attention. Children may happen it easier to cover with issues raised by holding sapphic or cheery parents if they learn of parental sexual orientation during childhood instead than during adolescence. Existing informations besides suggest the value of a supportive surroundings, in which parental sexual orientation is accepted by other important grownups and in which kids have contact with equals in similar fortunes. The bing informations are, nevertheless, still really thin, and any decisions must be seen as probationary. It is clear, nevertheless, that bing research provides no footing for believing that kids # 8217 ; s best involvements are served by household struggle or secretiveness about a parent # 8217 ; s homosexual or sapphic individuality, or by demands that a sapphic or cheery parent maintain a family separate from that of a same-sex spouse. D. Conclusion In drumhead, there is no grounds to propose that tribades and cheery work forces are unfit to be parents or that psychosocial development among kids of cheery work forces or tribades is compromised in any respect relation to that among offspring of heterosexual parents. Not a individual survey has found kids of homosexual or sapphic parents to be disadvantaged in any important regard relation to kids of heterosexual parents. Indeed, the grounds to day of the month suggests that place environments provided by homosexual and sapphic parents are every bit likely as those provided by heterosexual parents to back up and enable kids # 8217 ; s psychosocial growing. It should be acknowledged that research on sapphic and cheery parents and their kids is still really new and comparatively scarce. Less is known about kids of homosexual male parents than about kids of sapphic female parents. Little is known about development of the progeny of homosexual or sapphic parents during adolescence or maturity. Beginnings of heterogeneousness have yet to be consistently investigated. Longitudinal surveies that follow sapphic and cheery households over clip are severely needed. Recognitions I wish to thank Clinton Anderson, Natalie Eldridge, Patricia Falk, Mary Henning-Stout, Larry Kurdek, April Martin, Bianca Buffalo bill Murphy, Vera Paster, and Roy Scrivner for their helpful remarks on an earlier bill of exchange of this manuscript. II. ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY The commendations in this annotated bibliography come from a figure of beginnings: from the original APA publication Lesbian Parents and Their Children, from a PsycLit hunt on homosexual and sapphic parenting from the old ages 1987-1993, and from recommendations made by our expert referees. We recognize that this bibliography is non all inclusive. The literature on sapphic and cheery parenting is quickly spread outing, and we may hold missed some resources. Furthermore, there are a figure of doctorial thesiss on homosexual and sapphic parenting. We have non included thesiss or some of the stuff that is written straight for sapphic and cheery parents themselves. While chiefly pulling upon psychological science, we did include some commendations from jurisprudence, psychopathology, and societal work publications. The annotated bibliography is divided into four subdivisions. The first subdivision focuses on empirical psychological surveies. The 2nd subdivision contains book chapters and articles from the periodical literature. The 3rd subdivision contains books. And the bibliography concludes with a subdivision that lists extra resources and organisations. This bibliography was compiled by Bianca Cody Murphy and Lourdes Rodr # 237 ; guez-Nogu # 233 ; s with the aid of Mary Ballou, Edward J. Dunne, Susan Iasenza, Steven James, Linda Jones, Ena Vazquez Nuttall, Gary Ross Reynolds, and William Sanchez. Welcome Page | The Index Narratives | Should I come out? | Personal Ads | Questions, Questions, Questions | Get downing a Family The professional points of position | Religious Positions | Legal Help | Sign the Guestbook The Gay Dad electronic mail: TheGayDad @ milepost1.com Last Updated January 12, 1997

It`s important to collect money for summer vacation wisely

It`s important to collect money for summer vacation wisely Vacation is the time which you can devote to yourself, your family and friends, and forget about your work responsibilities. Everyone wants to spend this time in the best way and enjoy it at full. Even if it`s a chance to escape your daily routines, you cannot spend as much money as you want. Summer is getting closer to us, so it`s the time to think well where you want to go and how much money you need to save, here are some tips how to prepare your budget for summer vacation. Calculate how much you will need When you begin to prepare your budget for summer vacation, you are to decide where you want to go, and how much you will need to spend. So in this case you will certainly know how much cash this will take. You should check the information on the average hotel places. How much you will need to pay to get to the destination? How much you are going to spend on daily meals? Take into account some fees, incidental costs, souvenirs and think well which activities you are going to try. Based on this information you can calculate the minimum which you need to complete the trip. Stay realistic concerning your budget You may dream of some unbelievable and special vacation, but think of holidays which you can afford. One of the biggest mistakes is to get into debt to finance your summer vacation. It`s better not to put all your money on credit card as you should control your expenses. Create a vacation savings account Sometimes it can be a mistake to collect money for holidays on the same credit card which you use every day. So setting up a special account for vacation savings is a good idea, you will certainly know how much money you have and regularly put some on it. What is more, you can set up an automat transfer to put money on this card every week and you can state the needed sum. And in some weeks you will be surprised with a collected sum without even realizing it. Get rid of unneeded expenses We all have a bad habit to spend money on things we don`t really need. If you make yourself stop doing so, you will save much money which you can use for your summer vacation. If you cut off your monthly expenses, they will increase your vacation savings. So you will get closer to the vacation of your dream. Check the local deals Still the budget of your vacation may limit you in something, but there`s a great list of things you can discover in the destination city. All you need is to look for the information and use local recourses. This will help you experience the city at lower prices. Sell your things It`s obvious all of us have lots of unneeded stuff in the house. Check your attic, garage and basement and you will find lots of things you can sell. This is the best way to get quick cash, and why not? This procedure won`t upset you but just on the contrary, you will feel happiness of getting closer to your summer holidays and increasing your vacation budget. Create a plan to stay on budget Creating a vacation budget is just a half of a deal, you have to stick to it. Control all your expenses, check what you may skip buying. You can use mobile banking to check you budget, transfers etc. You are to avoid unnecessary expenses. You should know for sure what your vacation budget is in this very moment, and whether your summer vacation is going to happen. Avoid overspending and the holidays of your dream will come true.

U.S. US.S.R in Serbia free essay sample

Examines Soviet American influences in the Kosovo Province of Serbia after disintegration of Yugoslavia. History, ethnic factions, politics, nationalism, human rights. This research examines Soviet and American influences on events in Kosovo Province, Serbia subsequent to the disintegration of Yugoslavia. As the Former Soviet Union (FSU) itself disintegrated in the winter of 1991-1992, successor states to the FSU, particularly Russia and Ukraine, also have influenced outcomes in Kosovo, and these influences are addressed in this research when appropriate. Kosovo is a rugged area four-fifths the size of Connecticut. The regions population of almost two million is 90 percent ethnic Albanian, and an additional one million ethnic Albania

Warriors Dont Cry book report essays

Warriors Dont Cry book report essays Historical Event Depicted -The integration that took place in Little Rock 1. Melba Pattillo- the author and narrator of the book; She was 15 when the integration took place 2. Lois Peyton(mother Lois )- Melbas mother, who was also a teacher ; She was very strong and supportive 3. India Peyton(Grandma India)- Melba's grandmother who lived with the family and gave her great wisdom. 5. Ernie- oldest of the 9 integrated; he was going into his senior year 6. Terry- another of the integrated, he was a junior 7. Jefferson- One of the "Little Rock Nine" 8. Elizabeth- another of the "Little Rock Nine", she was very quiet, but the experience helped her open up. 9. Thelma- One of the "Little Rock Nine", she had a heart problem and was one of Melba's close friends 10. Caroltta- another of the integrated 11. Minnijean- another of the "Little Rock Nine", also a close friend of Melba's 12. Gloria- took part in the integration 13. Vince- Melba's crush, who she gets to go out with occasionally 14. Link- A white boy, who helps Melba secretly, which many times saved her life because of the harsh things that took place inside the school. -After the Supreme Court ruled that segregated schools were illegal in the Brown vs. the Board of Education of Topeka trial, Little Rock School Board decided to limit integration to Central High, but it wouldn't take place until September, 1957; Several black students in the school district decided to integrate. -In February 1956, the NAACP filed a lawsuit in the federal district court to make school integrate immediately, but lost: Yet by August Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP ended up getting permission to start. -The day before school opens, the governer Faubus calls the Arkansas National Guard to the High, and the day school opens the integrating students don't go, and that ...

The French Revolution Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The French Revolution - Assignment Example The theme of equality and freedom must have been a major factor leading to the revolution. People wanted to be free and equal. The oppression by the absolute monarchy was no longer needed. As a result, the people came together to address the mismanagement by the King and also make all people equal (Robinson 87). This revolution can thus be remarked as the new beginning and as a result the ‘modern era’ was born. The Catholic Church was also not needed because it had favored the social order that had existed in France for years. This revolution is undoubtedly seen by many people as the beginning of a new world. The power of the aristocrats was drained and the church was also weakened. Women and men were now free to participate in policy issues and political developments in the country. This was a new beginning for France and the entire world as well. Personally, the French Revolution was a major historical event which brought an end to an established social order. Personally I have been surprised to learn that the Monarchy was brought to an end in a very brutal way because the people were bitter. As well, I had never thought that very many people were killed using the guillotine for treason or having opposed ideas to the revolutionary ideology. Also, from what I have understood from the documentary, it cannot be ascertained for sure when the Revolution ended because it led to a one-man leadership which was similar to that of the monarchy government. Very little did I know that this revolution marked a new era. ... This revolution can thus be remarked as the new beginning and as a result the ‘modern era’ was born. The Catholic Church was also not needed because it had favored the social order that had existed in France for years. This revolution is undoubtedly seen by many people as the beginning of a new world. The power of the aristocrats was drained and the church was also weakened. Women and men were now free to participate in policy issues and political developments in the country. This was a new beginning for France and the entire world as well. Personally, the French Revolution was a major historical event which brought an end to an established social order. Personally I have been surprised to learn that the Monarchy was brought to an end in a very brutal way because the people were bitter. As well, I had never thought that very many people were killed using the guillotine for treason or having opposed ideas to the revolutionary ideology. Also, from what I have understood fr om the documentary, it cannot be ascertained for sure when the Revolution ended because it led to a one-man leadership which was similar to that of the monarchy government (Ross 42). Very little did I know that this revolution marked a new era not only in the country but across the world (The French Revolution). It is agreeable that we all children of the French Revolution. By the time the revolution was coming to an end, many societies were influenced positively and staged revolutions of their own in order to end all forms of oppressive regimes. After this was achieved, the modern era was born and formal governments were established across the western nations and in Asia. Later the same ideology was transferred to different nations in Africa and Latin America. This means that we are